Interior West Forests on Verge of Becoming Net Carbon EmitterForests in the Interior West could soon flip from carbon sink to carbon source, forest experts say.
|
CBO empowered to manage forest resources of Masito-Ugala ecosystem in KigomaIN Kigoma, Jane Goodall Institute (JGI) is preparing local communities to benefit from REDD initiative within seven villages bordering the rich biodiversity Masito-Usagalla Ecosystem.
The representatives from seven villages of Ilagara, Karago, Songambele, Sigunga, Sunuka and Kirando and Lyabusende have attended training on forest management practices. Each of the participants was involved in forest resource mapping and set strategies to protect forests resources, marine life in Lake Tanganyika and on the environment in general in their areas.
|
UK consultant notes are irresponsible and unprofessional I wish to refer to an article in the Stabroek News under the caption “Annual Progress Report on REDD-Plus enablers – 2010 – for the Norway-Guyana MOU” by John Palmer (read here) in its issue of Thursday November 4, 2010. Allow me to raise the following points:
|
Legislation to outlaw illegal timber is axed despite coalition pledgeThe government has backed away from legislation that would outlaw the possession of illegally logged timber from the world's rainforests.
|
Forestry industry fears for jobs if 100m trees are not plantedSCOTLAND'S forests are in deep decline, threatening jobs and carbon-cutting targets, despite a Scottish Government pledge to plant 100 million new trees by 2015, industry experts have warned.
|
Bark beetle epidemics in ColoradoAbout 20 percent of the land has been treated.
|
Timber shortage in Kenya forces merchants to import commodityA chronic timber shortage has hit Kenya forcing the country to turn to expensive imports from neighboring countries.
|
Saving Trees in the Congo Basin: is REDD a Solution or a Quagmire?The Congo Basin is rich in forests and poor in cash, which makes it hard to resist offers of easy money from loggers. Carbon credits could, in theory, help save the forests, but the region's historically low rates of deforestation (and governance) make it difficult to prove you're saving
|
Tropical forests thrived in ancient global warming South America's tropical forests flourished when temperatures skyrocketed 56 million years ago. Could this mean that climate change will spare the Amazon?
|
Stone age etchings found in Amazon basin as river levels fallA series of ancient underwater etchings has been uncovered near the jungle city of Manaus, following a drought in the Brazilian Amazon.
|
Managing the High Risk of Inter-Tribe Violence Over Sharing REDD Benefits REDD has the potential for creating serious inter-community conflicts that could ignite explosive violence among tribes that have historically been antagonistic. Many tribal communities in heavily populated tropical countries have disputes with neighboring communities over control over forests that have remained largely un-demarcated. Fights over these ‘disputed’ lands have been contained because of low economic value of these forest lands. This is now set to change because the compensation under REDD Plus is expected to be large. Once intercommunity disputes among tribes begin it is very difficult to stop them. The most efficient, and just, way of preventing such conflicts is to ensure that the approach to REDD Plus becomes activity oriented rather than compensation oriented with the largest share of REDD funds reaching as wages for the tasks carried out to those members of the neighbouring communities who actively work to meet the REDD objectives. The REDD funds must be utilized in carrying out REDD activities, not disbursed among claimants.
|
Scientists call attention to 'forgotten forests'Calling them the forgotten forests, a panel of scientists say cool-weather rainforests like those in Western Oregon store more carbon per acre than tropical rainforests.
|
Developing countries often outsource deforestation, study findsIn many developing countries, forest restoration at home has led to deforestation abroad, according to a new study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
|
Sustainable Forest Management and GovernanceAnima Pushpa Toppo, Jharkhand Jungle Bachao Andolan: India became a democratic Republic in 1950. During the Constituent Assembly debate Jaipal Singh of Jharkhand expressed his doubt about the sincerity of the leaders of the newly formed nation-state of India.
|
Newfoundland, Labrador: Sustainable Forest Management Strategy
|
Lower House determined to enact sustainable forest management lawCagayan de Oro City (22 November) -- There's now hope for the Philippines to reverse the continued destruction of what little is left of its forested mountains.
|
In Sierra Leone, Stakeholders engaged on sustainable forest management
The Forestry Division of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security on Friday 19th November, 2010 engaged stakeholders in sustainable forest management on the implementation of the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) States and Forest Law Enforcement, and Governance and Trade (FLEGT) respectively at the Conference Room of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security, Youyi Building in Freetown.
|
Market for Sustainable Products Expanding Rapidly
|
What problems does sustainable forest management face in Russia?Discrepancies in the system of the Russian forest legislation is the main reason for that. This was the common opinion of participants of the Roundtable organized by WWF at the Russian Chamber of Commerce and Industry in early November 2010.
Representatives of the Russian legislative bodies, Russian federal Forest Service, regional authorities, forestry businesses, supervising and control entities of forest management and environmental NGOs were invited to this meeting.
|
Forest-research branch cut off at the rootsUnnoted last week amid the political confusion, British Columbians lost a venerable institution.
After a proud, 80-year history, the research branch of the Ministry of Forests and Range was disbanded.
|
Managed forests in green focus
Agua Bendita, Mexico: Local landowners collectively running a small lumber yard in the pine forests of central Mexico say they are making profits from logging and cutting carbon emissions at the same time.
|
Sustainable Forest Management as a Strategy to Combat Climate ChangeThis study presents the results of recent studies of community forest management in Mexico in the belief that it can inspire other countries and peoples to follow similar paths.
|
Brainstorming session for sustainable forest management beginsA two-day expert consultation on ‘operational strategy for sustainable forest management’ was begun at Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM) in Bhopal on Friday.
The consultation was graced by the delegates from Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF); Principle Chief Conservator of Forests from Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Manipur; veteran foresters and representatives from the State forest departments and research institutions.
|
Ceasing Forest Conversion Harms PoorCANCUN – Proposals by wealthy countries to restrict access to forest areas in developing countries in the name of climate change will have a detrimental effect upon the world’s poor, according to a
|
Três Lagoas will host the two largest pulp mills in the worldBrazilian Valonline reports today that Marcelo Castelli, director at Fibria Cellulose SA with eucalyptus plantings in the city Três Lagoas (In the state Mato Groso de Sul) will maintain the schedule for opening of the second line of factory in 2014.
|
Brazil forest concession area exceeds 1m hectaresMore than one million hectares of prime Amazon Rainforest land in Brazil has been made available for a programme of forestry concessions, according to the Brazilian Forest Service (SFB).
The area involved in the programme is spread over seven areas within the states of Rondonia and Pará, and is estimated to have a total potential timber production value of approximately 850,000 cubic metres every year.
|
Tree fungus – 4,700 acres to be felled
Seven square miles of woodland are to be wiped from the West landscape as the battle to control a virulent tree-killing fungus intensifies.
|
Seven major bilateral and multilateral funding initiatives have recently been created to support the new concept of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation.
|
One week of Cancun talks have passed by and I just can't stop wondering!
Seems the world gets more wired any time when people meet for negotiations on what should happen to forests.
|
Wikileak document reveal how the Russia's Forest Mafia operatesThe US cables reveal the problem with illegally harvesting and how Chinese and Russian logging companies operates. According to the cables smugglers use different methods to illicitly export illegal timber, most of which are able to pass through customs inspections and established border cro
|
The forest industry saved Sweden from the financial crisisBut the question is whether the Swedish economy can rely on the forest ahead?
|
Co-Benefits of Sustainable Forest Management in Biodiversity Conservation and Carbon Sequestration
|
Financing sustainable small-scale forestry
Policy issues and lessons from developing national forest financing strategies in Latin America
Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor, Indonesia
|
Mexican foresters invoke less destructive loggingNOH-BEC, Mexico, Dec 3 (Reuters) - Community leaders managing a fragment of ancient Mexican jungle say their approach to logging precious hardwoods protects rare jaguar and may guide nearby U.N. climate talks seeking a forest blueprint.
|
SATIIM: Adaption to Climate Change through Community-based Sustainable Forest Management
On Monday December 6, 2010, the Sarstoon Temash Institute for Indigenous Management (SATIIM) with funding from the Global Environmental Facility Trust Fund, which supports the Development Marketplace 2009 Global Competition, launched a project in Toledo entitled “ Building Q'eqchi' Maya Capacity, Flexibility, and Adaption to Climate Change through Community-based Sustainable Forest Management" in Belize.
|
Cuts to forest service are too deepThere are many things that distinguish "supernatural" British Columbia from other jurisdictions. But one of the most enduring of them is its abundance of publicly owned lands.
|
Ideological Foes Assail UN Forest Scheme from Two SidesCANCUN, MEXICO -- The prospect of a deal on forest protection at the Cancun climate talks has galvanized pressure groups at either end of the ideological axis to take common aim at keeping the UN out of the rainforests.
|
British Columbia releases third State of the Forests ReportThe most intensive and thorough report ever produced on the state of British Columbia‘s forests suggests sound laws and policies, including public reporting by an independent Forest Practices Board, are supporting sustainable forest management in British Columbia, Forests, Mi
|
ECO2 Forests planting in EuropeBOULDER - Sustainable forestry company ECO2 Forests Inc. has plans for two joint-venture projects in Europe - one in Turkey, the other in Bulgaria.
ECO2 Forests (Pinksheets: ECOF), with offices in Boulder and Queensland, Australia, signed an agreement with ECO PLUS Limited to grow a 1,200-acre forest in Izmir, Turkey, the company said in a press statement.
|
Canada hails Cancun accord as building block for campaign aganst global warming
|
In Cancún, World Leaders Call for Quick Action on Forests Major world leaders gathered today at an event sponsored by non-profit Avoided Deforestation Partners to call on the global community to work towards a speedy end to deforestation, a major source of global CO2 emissions and driver of climate change.
|
U.N. forests deal stalls as climate talks remain deadlocked(CNN) -- As talks at the United Nations climate summit enter their final hours, hopes of progress on key issues including the REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) program appear to be fading.
|
REDD+ Progresses, LULUCF Regresses in Cancún Agreements11 December 2010 | CANCUN | After two weeks of intense negotiations, another Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has come and gone. Working through Friday until the early hours of Saturday morning, bleary eyed delegates jetted home to 193 nations having signed the “Cancun Agreements.”
|
Challenges of Climate Change in the Mountains HighlightedExperts from leading institutions and government organisations working in the field of climate change in the Himalayan region called attention to mountain issues and challenges in the light of climate change.
|
Lessons learnt from FLEGT for REDD draft SummaryDestruction of forests is a significant contributor to climate change. Preserving forests helps mitigate global warming. These two facts explain why halting deforestation is a central part of much of the current negotiations on climate change, with an international binding forest climate agreement, or REDD+, forming a key part of discussions. Yet, such an agreement, even if well-designed, cannot by itself save the forests. Without reducing greenhouse gas emissions by between 85 and 95 percent by 2050, many forests, along with many other ecosystems, will be lost.
|
Building effective pro-poor REDD-plus interventionsIUCN has published a brochure on the contributions that enhanced multi-stakeholder dialogues can make to more effective and equitable REDD-plus planning.
|
Saving Forests with a Sense of PlaceI was in the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca during one of Mexico’s best-known traditions, the Day of the Dead.
|
New research project investigate the best fast-growing tree species for planting in AfricaThe forest industry is important for the economic development of South Africa.
|
Advancing equity in community forestry: recognition of the poor mattersThe community forestry program in Nepal has been advancing as a successful means of improving the condition of forests. However, as in other areas around the world, Nepal’s community forestry initiative continues to face unresolved equity issues. This paper seeks to explore underlying causes of inequity using contemporary theories of justice. Examining two community forest user groups in the middle hill districts, the study finds that lack of recognition in interpersonal and public spheres exacerbated the powerlessness of marginalized people, reducing their participation in decision-making. The paper argues that, while distributional rules advanced by the program are crucial, the problem of recognition remains an unaddressed but necessary pre-condition for advancing equity. This suggests that policy and practice in community forestry needs to focus on broader political questions, including representation in decision making, making space for the voice of members to influence decisions, and transforming socio-economic and political institutions and cultural practices.
|
The Eucalyptus Crop and its BenefitsIn the past, agriculture was used exclusively to produce food, but now we are turning to crops as a source for energy use. Nowadays everyone is familiar with the argument s relating to the environment and how the energy we use directly affects are surroundings.
|
National REDD strategies must be based on local, not government, control, say opinion leaders from ten countries in the IIED-facilitated Forest Governance Learning Group.
|
Cancun forest deal lacks details on financingThe UN Climate Summit in Cancun, which ended last weekend, has agreed on a deal that would get rich countries to pay poor countries like Guyana to protect forests, but explicit details on where the money would come from, who will get paid and how the scheme would be monitored were left out.
A decision on the forest protection scheme called REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation) was highly anticipated in Cancun, and when the meeting ended there was a decision, but not a clear enough one.
|
Sustainability Impact Assessments for EuropeThe new EFI brochure introduces the Tool for Sustainability Impact Assessments (ToSIA). This new decision-support software tool will assist policy makers, business planners and other stakeholders to make informed decisions on issues related to the use of forest resources and wood products.

|
Agriculture and deforestation: What role should REDD+ and public support policies play?
- Agriculture is central to REDD+
- When over 83% of new cropland areas in the tropical zone came at the expense of natural forests over the 1980-2000 period, and when the food challenge is becoming increasingly urgent, the REDD+ mechanism must find the means to tackle this sector of activity.
-
- Little proof exists in practice to confirm the Borlaug hypothesis (land sparing)
|
Certification fails to protect B.C. forests
|
Australia - Illegal logging legislation welcomedA3P has welcomed the announcement by the Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Senator Joe Ludwig, that the Gillard Government will introduce legislation restricting the importation and sale of illegally logged timber.A3P CEO Richard Stanton said “we are gratified that the Governm
|
Swiss Wood Firm To Invest 900 Million Euros In TunisiaSwitzerland-based Global Wood Holding will invest 900 million euros to grow Eucalyptus trees in Tunisia and export the wood to Europe, creating 45,000 jobs reports World Environmemt News. The project will be sited on 160,000 hectares in the Tunisian desert some 500 km (310 miles) sou
|
Developing Social and Environmental Safeguards for REDD+Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) mechanisms are one of the best short term alternatives for significantly reducing green house gas emissions, thus contributing to minimize the impacts of global climate changes.
|
Council Refuses to Open Up LEEDs to Other Certification SystemsWood certified by the Forest Stewardship Council will continue to be the only kind qualifying for LEED points, after a motion to open it up to other certification programs failed to win a two-thirds majority from members of the U.S. Green Building Council.
|
What REDD can Learn from Soybeans and CornBillions have been pledged to fund schemes that slow climate change by saving trees and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD), but the private sector won’t come on board in a big way unless forest carbon starts to behave more like established commodity forward markets, argues a new discussion paper unveiled in Cancun.
|
21 state forests earn top statusCOLUMBUS — Ohio’s 21 state forests are managed well enough to join an elite group of public forest lands that are certified as sustainable, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources said Thursday.
|
US$33 bln to be spent to protect forests The central government will spend 220 billion yuan ($33 billion) over the next decade to protect China's natural forests.
|
Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact plan to restore 15 million hectares of forest Pacto pela Restauração da Mata Atlântica (Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact) is an alliance with the aim of the Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact is to restore 15 million hectares of the forest in Brazil by the year 2050, spread across annual plans approved by its Steering Committee.
|
Agricultural lending jumps in Brazil, will Amazon deforestation follow?With commodity prices surging, lending to Brazilian farmers for tractors, harvesters and plows reached 8.2 billion reais ($4.8 billion) for the July through November 2010 period, a 64 percent increase since the same period last year and the fastest pace since 2004, reports Bloomberg.
|
Mexico gets $15 mn from Norway to fight deforestation
|
New Brunswick’s plan to strengthen & renew their forest industryThe provincial government of New Brunswick will be taking a series of actions to strengthen and renew the province’s forest industry.
An action plan has been drafted based on recommendations from a stakeholder summit held in November.
|
Forests for food security and livelihood sustainability: Policy problems and opportunities for small farmers in Nepal
Title: Forests for food security and livelihood sustainability: Policy problems and opportunities for small farmers in Nepal
Authors: Bhubaneswor Dhakal
Source: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 35(1):86-115
Abstract:
This study used a novel empirical model of common property to examine problems of forest policy on food security and livelihoods in Nepal. At the opening section, the paper well described agro-ecological rationalities for maintaining some forest areas in each mountain communities. Then it reviewed progression of forest policies that constrained use of resources and services from local forests, and escalated starvations and miseries in disadvantaged communities. The paper nicely articulated progression of forest policies and marginalization of poor people and disadvantaged communities. It has modeled impacts of current and alternative policies of community forestry for rural food security and livelihoods. The intention for introduction of the Nepalese forest policies and their consequences can be a heart breaking for some readers.
|
Canadian Forest Industry Prepares For New Opportunities; Celebrates International Year of Forests
|
Environment Ministry implementing mega forestry projects: AfridiISLAMABAD: Federal Minister for Environment Hameedullah Jan Afridi said on Saturday that the Ministry of Environment was implementing mega forestry projects in all the provinces for preservation and expansion of forest wealth in the country.
He stated this at the concluding ceremony of the 2nd three-day international conference on “Biodiversity is Our Life”, organised by the Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation (CBC) and Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur.
|
Nigeria: Deforestation - Cutting Down Our LivesClimate change is no longer an abstract term or a scientific jargon with no local, humane touch.
|
Biodiversity conservation: 'beyond business' CSRThis year was the International year of Biodiversity. Next year has been declared the year of forests.
|
Sustainable Forest Management for Poverty Reduction Through Agroforestry OptionsIn Bangladesh, the massive growth rate of population has intensified pressure on forest resources throughout the country. The forest coverage of Bangladesh is one of the lowest and the deforestation rate is the highest of any country in the world.
|
Forest of Dean protesters fight big woodland selloffThere's been nothing quite like it in the ancient Forest of Dean since the last time a Conservative government tried to privatise Britain's largest oak forest.
|
Forest Department seeks local wisdomBHUBANESWAR: Its jungles as well as protection staff under increasing attack, Forest Department of the State is all set to add local wisdom and intelligence to its protection measures this new year.
|
Devising state-level climate change responses
|
Sacrificing the Rainforest on the Altar of EnergyLIMA, Dec 27, 2010 (IPS/IFEJ) - The construction of five hydroelectric dams in Peru as part of an energy deal with Brazil will do considerable damage to the environment, such as the destruction of nearly 1.5 million hectares of jungle over the next 20 years, according to an independent study.
More than 1,000 km of roads will have to be carved out of primary and secondary forests to build the dams and power plants and put up power lines, says the report, carried out by engineer José Serra for ProNaturaleza, a leading conservation organisation in Peru.
|
Patrick Bond: Climate change THE recent Cancun climate- change agreements’ fatal flaw is simple: faith in fickle markets.
|
Many trees are private goods. If you own some, you can probably do whatever you want with them. As a rational economic actor, you can respond effectively to incentives.
|
Forests or famine the choice for Papua New Guineans, says economist
An Australian academic says feeding themselves will become very difficult for the majority of Papua New Guineans if more forests aren’t cleared for farmland.
|
Bududa Brought Home Nasty Environmental LessonsEnvironmental conservation and protection has been one of the major challenges the world over. The green world has been attacked by both natural and artificial encroachers, leading to dangerous climatic changes, some of which have resulted in deadly disasters.
|
Kyrgyzstan: Capacity Building for National Forest and Tree Resource Assessment and Monitoring The forestry sector of Kyrgyzstan is confronted with several problems. Due to the lack of timber imports, overgrazing and population growth, the Kyrgyz forests are under pressure.
|
Top five forest stories of 2010In the context of an overall bleak 2010 for the planet, forests offer a bright point for some celebration -- showing this sector as the area offering perhaps the best hope for continued progress in fighting climate change.
|
Alberta sees signs that it is winning the war against the mountain pine beetlesAlberta is seeing signs that it is winning the war against the mountain pine beetles, thanks to:
|
Misreporting on WeyerhaeuserTimberland and timber REIT (real estate investment trust ) investors continue to wade through "erroneous and underreported analysis in financial outlets" writes Forisk blog which is a forest economics research firm. In a recent article Weyerhaeuser , now structured as a REIT, was called the worst performers in S&P. The Forisk blog show the comparative performance of the three publicly traded timber REITs: Plum Creek (PCL), Rayonier (RYN), Potlatch (PCH); and Weyerhaeuser. Read blogg
There are also reports far more positive about Weyerhaeuser
|
U.S. considering a levy on each Christmas tree sold, including those imported from CanadaThe U.S. Department of Agriculture is considering placing a levy on each Christmas trees sold in the United States, whether they were grown in the U.S. or whether they were imported.
|
Mexico, the Leader in Community Forest ManagementMEXICO CITY, Jan 5, 2011 (IPS) - Thanks to its experience with community forestry projects, Mexico can provide tips on how to manage forests while fomenting the development of local economies in 2011, the International Year of Forests.
Every year, some 13 million hectares of forests are lost worldwide, and deforestation is responsible for 20 percent of total emissions of carbon dioxide, one of the main greenhouse gases responsible for global warming, according to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO).
|
Forests Stand Taller after UN Climate Negotiations in CancunThe challenge to delegates at United Nations (UN) climate negotiations in Cancun, Mexico was to “Show Cancun Can!”. And for forests, Cancun did!
|
Women Are Key to Conservation
|
Forestry Commission forecasts high demand for woodThe UK Forestry Commission is predicting that the increased use of wood-fuelled boilers could boost the industry.
According to the commission, there has been a growth of businesses and consumers opting to install eco-friendly biomass boilers to reduce fuel bills and lower emissions.
In particular, the Forestry Commission highlighted the recent decision of Bradford council to use biomass fuel at its City Hall and Ilkley Town Hall as part of commitment to reduce greenhouse gases by 20 per cent in 2010/11.
|
Johann Hari: For sale - Cameron's green credentialsCan you hear the silence of the huskies? When he was rebranding the Tory party, David Cameron promised us he would lead "the greenest government ever". Since he came to power, he has broken every environmental promise he made – and then gone much further.
|
Canadian Forests: See the forest for the treesCanadian Forests Facts & Figures:
|
Coffee Forest vs. Village Carbon ForestAre thousands of citizens of Masurai Subdistrict, Merangin District guilty if they independently utilize area of HPH (forest concession) which has been abandoned since 15 years ago as public coffee plantations? Regulation and legislation ensure cultivation and utilization of forest areas by th
|
|
Asian Development Bank grants $69m for forest protection projectMANILA — The Asian Development Bank last week approved loans and grants worth US$69 million to Cambodia, Laos, and Viet Nam for a community-based initiative to protect more than 1.9 million ha of threatened forests where 170,000 mostly poor people live.
|
After Cancun: We’re all foresters nowThe mild success of Cancun provided a great advance for the world’s foresters: global attention. But with this attention comes responsibility.
|
Norske Skog sells propertiesNorske Skog has entered into an agreement concerning sale of Klosterøya to a consortium consisting of Conceptor Eiendomsutvikling AS and Bratsberg Gruppen AS, and has at the same time also finalised sale of a property at Nedre Ranheim.
|
European Commission Green Paper on forest protection and information The results are now available of the public consultation on the EC Green Paper on Forest Protection and Information in the EU: Preparing forests for climate change. The consultation was opened on 1 March 2010, and at the closure of the consultation on 31 July 2010, 261 responses had been received.
|
Satellites unravel complex relationship between northern forests and climate The European Space Agency (ESA) Earth-observing satellites are helping to understand the intricate role that Eurasia's boreal forest plays in the chemical make-up of the atmosphere and the global climate system.
|
Three forest companies planning for IPOs during 2011 or 2012Latvian Forest Company, The Forest Company and Forwood are three forest companies planning FOR IPOs during 2011 or 2012 reports nyemission.nu
|
California Air Resources Board Grants Forest Clearcutters a Free CO2 PassAB32 - Charged with implementing the provisions of A.B.
|
|
|